Gramma. Inglés

Unit 1

LESSON 1: Compound and complex sentences

56 Complete the sentences. Use the conjunctions in the box. Add commas where necessary.

Although      and       because       but       however      if      moreover      or       so

0)      If you don’t hurry up and get ready, we’ll be late.

1)      He was busy working so he couldn’t come with us.

2)      Shall we go to the cinema or should we stay al home?

3)      You should try to eat less and you should get more exercise.

4)      Although a Rolls Royce is a beautiful car, it’s expensive to maintain.

5)      They installed a new security system; moreover they hired extra guards.

6)      We’ve cut costs and increased production; however we’re still not making a profit.

7)      Because he wasn’t feeling well, I offered to do the shopping for him.

8)      Carla was supposed to drive us to the station but her husband needed the car.

LESSON 2: Adding and listing

57ª Circle the correct answer. There may be more than once correct answer.

57b. Complete the essay. Use one world in each gap.

Today 20% of the world’s population consumes 80% of the world’s natural resources. That same 20% (o) also creates half of the world’s fossil fuel pollution. Unfortunately, our lifestyle (1) neither increases our well-being (2) nor makes the world a better place for our children.

Let’s start by looking at our attachment to the car. As well (3) as being a status symbol, the car is convenient but how else does it affect us? (4) First of all, we spend hours every week inside a car and this isolates us from nature. (5) Next, driving has replaced walking and other forms of exercise. And finally, gas emissions from cars are threatening to destroy the planet. (6) Either we face the problems now (7) or we will have to deal with the consequences.

So what can we do to take better care of our planet? To being with, we can leave our car at home and start walking, running or cycling to work. We can spend more time outdoors (8) too. In (9) addition, we can encourage others to do the same teach our children a sense of responsibility for their environment.

LESSON 3: Contrast and concession

58ª Circle the correct answer.

58b Re-write the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

0)      I’m not sure if my answers are right but you can copy them. (although)

Although I’m not sure if my answers are right, you can copy them.

1)      Despite the fact that her doctor told her to rest, she went to Spain. (even though)

She went to Spain even though her doctor told her to rest.

2)      She joined the company only a year ago but she’s been promoted already ( in spite of) 

She has been promoted already in spite of the fact that she joined the company only a year ago.

3)      He hasn`t got any experience but he’s keen to learn ( however)

He hasn’t got any experience; however, he’s keen to learn.

4)      I`d like to eat out but I should be saving  money (while)

I should be saving money while I‘d like to eat out.

5)      I thought he looked ill; however, I wasn’t completely sure. (but)

I thought he looked ill, but I wasn`t completely sure.

6)      Even thought it was raining, we went out for the day. (despite)

We went out for the day despite rain.

7)      The government spend money on weapons but it neglected education. (whereas)

The government spend money on weapons whereas it neglected education.

LESSON 4: Cause, reason, purpose and result

59a. circle the correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer.

59b. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word in bold. Use between two and five words.

0)      All my clothes got wet because of the storm. There

All my clothes got wet because there was a storm.

1)      The car crashed because the driver was careless. Of.

The car crashed because of the driver’s carelessness.

2)      I studied for many years so that I could become a doctor. Order

I studied for many years in order to become a doctor.

3)      I lied to him because I didn’t want to hurt his feeling. In

I lied to him in order not to hurt his feelings.

4)      She is studying because she has a test tomorrow. So

She has a test tomorrow so she is studying

5)      He had to leave his job owing to poor health. Since

He had to leave his job since his health was poor.

6)      Let’s leave early to avoid the rush hour. That

Let’s leave early so that we avoid the rush hour.

LESSON 5: Time clauses

60ª Join the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

0)      The children will finish their homework. We’ll go out then. (when)

When the children have finished their homework, we’ll go out.

1)      He’ll be working. She’ll be lying on the beach (while).

While he’ll be working, she’ll be lying on the beach

2)      You’ll tell me what really happened. Only then will I help you (once).

Once you have told me what really happened. I will help you

3)      Jake will finish the report he’s writing. He’ll come over to my place. (as soon as)

Jake will come over to my place as soon as he finishes the report he’s writing

4)      Petra and Otto will go swimming. They’ll do the washing up fist. (after)

Petra and Otto will go swimming, after they do the washing up.

5)      I’ll see Helen. I’ll give her your regards (when)

When I see Helen, I’ll give her you regard.

6)      Gareth will keep looking for his wallet. He’ll find it (until)

Gareth will keep looking for his wallet, until he finds it.

7)      First you have to pass a driving test. Then you can get a driving licence (before).

Before you get a driving licence, you have to pass a driving test.

8)      She’ll add some herbs to the dish. It will taste better (when)

When she adds some herbs to the dish, It will taste better.

60b. Complete the interview. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

A.    So what are you going to do you (0) graduate (graduate)?

B.     Well, some of my friends are planning to see the world before they (1) start (start) work. But I travelled quite a lot of after I (2) had finished (finish) school. As soon as I(3) leave (leave) university. I want to get a job and start paying off my student loan

A.     That sounds very practical. Do you think it will be easy to find work?

B.      Well, when I (4) chose (choose) to university, I did a lot of research- I wanted to be sure I wouldn’t be wasting my time and money here!

A.     Do you think you made the right decision?

B.      I think so. After I(6) had given (give) my options a lot of thought, I decided to do a “sandwich course”. That means I work for a year as part of my studies. So when prospective employers (7) will look (look) at my CV, they (8) will see (see) that I’ve had work experience-and that will make a difference to my job prospects.

A.    And are you enjoying you course?

B.      Most of time. Sometimes, when I (9) have (have) a paper to write, I (10) think (think) I should be lying on a beach somewhere instead!  But once I (11) get (get) my degree, I don’t think I’ll have any regrets.

LESSON 6: Common linking expressions in speech.

61b. Circle the correct answer.

CHECK 1: Lessons 1 to 6

1)      Circle the correct answer.

 

1)      Complete the conversations. Use the words in the box. You do not need all of them.

Actually      after all      anyway        by the way        or rather           too        well

1.      A: Do you get on with your new flatmate?

B: I’m not sure. After all, she’s only just moved in and I haven’t had a chance to get to know her yet.

2.      A: I thought you were going to get a new mobile phone?

B: I was, but this one works fine and anyway, I can’t afford the one I want.

3.      A: wasn’t the maths exam difficult?

B: Actually, I didn’t think it was too bad.

4.      A: Rodrigo doesn’t want to come to the game with us.

B: By the way, he should have told us. I’ve already bought a ticket for him.

5.      A: Are going out with Pauline this evening?

B: We’re going to a club. Why don’t you come along too?

2)      Complete the essay. Use one word in each gap.

(11) Although the damaging effects of the motor car are well known, the number of vehicles on the road is growing rapidly. In 1950 there were fewer than 50 million cars in use round the world (12) while in 2006 there were almost 33 million cars in the UK alone. Let’s examine problems associated with the car and a possible solution

(13) First of all, more people are killed in accidents involving cars than any other form of transport. (14) Second, road accidents receive less attention from the media than other less common but more spectacular accidents.

In (15) addition, the car is a major cause of pollution and petrol emission are damaging to our health and to the environment (16) as well. (17) in spite of this, car sales continue to grow. Unfortunately, it seems that (18) neither concern for ourselves (19) nor concern for the planet will convince us to change our habits.

An obvious answer to the problem is better public transport. (20) If public transport were cheaper, more comfortable and more reliable, we would be less inclined to use the car. But we need to act (21) before it is too late. We must change our attitudes and priorities (22) so the future generations can live in a better world.

Unit 2.

LESSON 1: noun clauses. 52a Underline the noun clauses in the following dialogue. Angie and Helen are talking at work. Angie is Helen’s boss. A: Helen, I’m delighted to hear that you’ve decided to accept the post of junior manager. H: Yes. I just hope that it turns out all right. A: Oh, I’m sure it will. Is there anything in particular that you’re worried about? H: well, yes. I’m not sure how the staff will respond to me as a manager. After all, I am quite a bit younger than most of them. A: Oh, I wouldn’t worry too much about that. I expect that some of them will be a bit hostile to you at first but they’ll soon get used to the fact that you’re the boss. It’s important that you appear confident in your position, even if you don’t feel very confident. The reason that you got this position at your age is that you’re good and you must remember that. H: well, I hope that I will live up to your expectations of me. I will certainly try. 52b. Join the sentence together using a noun cluse. Make changes where necessary. 1.      He’s lying to you. I’m sure. I’m sure that he’s lying to you. 2.      You did something. It is unforgivable. What you did is unforgivable. It is unforgivable what you did. 3.      She still holds on to the belief. He isn’t dead. She still holds on to the belief that he isn’t dead. 4.      She hasn’t made a complaint. We must be grateful for that. We must be grateful for the fact that she hasn’t made a complaint. How many people are coming to the meeting, I don’t know. 5.      Some people are coming to the meeting.. I don`t know how many. I don’t know how many people are coming to the meeting. 6.      She didn`t lie to you about it. That suggestion is ridiculous. The suggestion that she didn`t lie to you about it, is ridiculous. 7.      You’re going with him. I presume that. I presume that you are going with him. 8.      Judith’s coming round tonight. Have you forgotten that? Have you forgotten that Judith’s coming round tonight? 9.      She may have passed her exams. I don`t know. I don’t know if she has passed her exams 10.  He didn`t tell her the truth. She is very angry about that. She is very angry for the fact that he didn’t tell her the truth 11.  She may be good enough to do the job: she may not. It remains doubtful. Whether or not she is good enough to do the job, remains doubtful. 12.  He has some emotional problems. That is quite apparent. That he has some emotional problems is quite apparent. 13.  Where are we going to meet tonight? Have you arranged that? Have you arranged where we are going to meet tonight? 14.  How is she? Do you know? Do you know how she is? 15.  They’re getting married. I’m delighted. I’m delighted that they are getting married.

LESSON 2: present participle clauses. 53.  In your notebook, rewrite the sentences below using a present participial or perfect participial phrase. 1.      I smelt something. It was burning. I smelt something burning. 2.      I went round to see her. I was hoping for a reconciliation. I went round to see her hoping for a reconciliation. 3.      While he hated the job, he did it for many years. While hating the job, he did it for many years. 4.      She came in. she looked furious. She came in looking furious. 5.      I had plenty of time to spare so I had a good look round the town. Having plenty of time to spare, I had a good look round the town. 6.      He was wearing only a pair of shorts. He walked out into the darkness. He walked out into the darkness wearing only a pair of shorts. 7.      I had been out all day so I was quite happy to stay in for the evening. Being out all day, I was quite happy to stay in for the evening. 8.      The bedrooms that overlook the sea are the best ones in the hotel. The best ones in the hotel are overlooking. 9.      We are wasting time. We are sitting here and doing nothing. We are wasting time to sit and doing nothing. 10.  I have changed my job since I last wrote to you. Since writing to you, I have changed my job since. 11.  Before I make a decision, I need to discuss it with my partner. I need to discuss with my partner before making a decision. 12.  We had been friends for twenty years and suddenly we had a big argument and haven`t seen each other since. Being friends for twenty years suddenly we had a big argument and haven`t seen each other since. 13.  I had failed one of my exams so I couldn`t get into university. Having failed one of my exams, I couldn´t get into university. 14.  Because he loved her so much, he forgave her for everything. Loving her so much, he forgave her for everything. 15.  I left them. They were doing the washing-up. I left them doing the washing-up.

LESSON 3: past participle clauses. 54. Rewrite the sentences below using a past participal phrase or being + past participial phrase. 1.      I was exhausted through lack of sleep, I fell asleep at my desk Exhausted through lack of slept, I fell asleep at my desk. 2.      Peter was abandoned by his parents at an early age and took to stealing. Being abandoned by his parents at an early age, he was took to stealing. 3.      Although it was written many years ago, the book is still relevant today. Although written many years ago, the book is still relevant today. 4.      Since I was promoted, I have had on time to go out. Since promoted, I have had no time to go out. 5.      The boy was taken from his parents are an early age. He had a very difficult life. Being taken from his parents at an early age, the boy had a very difficult life. 6.      The money was hidden in the cellar. It was not discovered for many years. Being hidden in the cellar, the money wasn’t discovered for many years. 7.      He was frequently criticized for his self-centred attitude but was nonetheless very popular. Being frequently criticized for his self-centred attitude, he was nonetheless very popular. 8.      After he was released from prison, Andy could not find a job anywhere. After being released from prison, Andy couldn’t find a job anywhere. 9.      The committee meeting, which were always dominated by the same people, were slow-moving and ineffectual. Being dominated by the same people, the committee meeting were slow-moving and ineffectual. 10.  When he was caught, he confused everything ( on…) When caught, he confused everything. 11.  When it is seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but it is lovely inside. When being seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but is lovely inside. 12.  If we are elected, we will increase the value of pensions. If elected, we will increase the value of prisons. 13.  Although he was ridiculed by everybody, he continued to propose his bizarre projects. Although ridiculed by everything, he continued to purpose his bizarre projects. 14.  Unless it is destroyed, this material could have damaging consequences. Unless destroyed, this material could have damaging consequences. 15.  Jennifer had been shoplifting for many years before she was found out. Before being found out, Jennifer had been shoplifting for many years.

LESSON 4: question forms. 37a. write questions. 0)      They’re leaving for the theatre. Are they leaving for the theatre? 1)      He should fix the car this weekend. Should he fix the car this weekend? 2)      She’s looked everywhere for her keys. Has she looked everywhere for this book? 3)      Conrad wants to borrow this book Does can road want to borrow this book? 4)      They’d given the money to Vince. Had they given the money to Vince? 5)      You were watching a play last night. Were you watching play last night? 6)      She’ll have finished the book by then. Will she have finished the book by then? 37b.write questions for the underlined answers. 0)      A: How much money have you got?               B: I’ve got ten pounds. 1)      A: Watch colour is the new carpet?                 B: the new carpet is red. 2)      A: Watch subject did you enjoy most?            B: I enjoyed Maths most. 3)      A: How times play they?                                 B: They play three times a week. 4)      A:  How eggs did he buy?                               B: He bought a dozen eggs 5)      A: Who met Keith at the cinema?                  B: Eva met Keith at the cinema. 6)      A: Who met Eva at the cinema?                     B: Eva met Keith at the cinema. 7)      A: Whose electric guitar did you borrow?      B: I borrowed Julie’s electric guitar. 8)      A: What did Paul leave on the sofa?               B:  Paul left the newspaper on the sofa. 37c. complete the conversations. Write negative questions. Use the words in brackets. 0)      A: Hurry or you’ll be late. Weren’t you late yesterday? ( you/be/late/yesterday) B: No, I wasn’t. I was on time. 1)      A: I’ve got some spare copies. Who haven’t got one? (Who/have got/one) B: I haven’t. Could you give me one, please? 2)      A: We’re going to be late! Why don’t you get ready sooner? (Why/you/get/ready/sooner) B: I was busy. Anyway, I don’t see the problem-we’re only a few minutes late. 3)      A: You’re washing the car! Haven’t you got anything netter to do? (You/ have got/ anything better to do) B: no, I haven’t. And besides, I enjoy washing the car. 4)      A: There’s no room on the mantelpiece for that vase. Why don’t put it here? ( why/you/put/it/ here) B: That’s a good idea. I’ll do that. 5)      A: the car has been running well since we had it serviced. Did the garage do a great job? ( the garage/do/ a great job) B: yes, they certainly did. You’d think it was a new car. 49.1. Ask Joe questions. (look at his answers before you write the questions)        I.            (where/live?) Where do you live? In Manchester.     II.            (Born there?) Are you born there? No, I was born in London.  III.            (Married?) Are you married? Yes.  IV.            (How long/married?) How long for have you been married? 17 years.     V.            (Children?) Have you got children? Yes, two boys.  VI.            (How old/they?) How old are they? 12 and 15. VII.            (What/ do?) What do you do? I’m a journalist. VIII.            (What/wife/do?) What does your wife do? She’s a doctor. 49.2. Make questions with who or what.        I.            Somebody hit me. Who hit you?     II.            I hit somebody. Who did you hit?  III.            Somebody paid the bill. Who paid the bill?  IV.            Something happens. What happened?     V.            Diane said something. What did Diane say?  VI.            This book belongs to somebody. Who does this book belong to? VII.            Somebody lives in that house. Who lives in that house? VIII.            I fell over something. What did you fall over?  IX.            Something fell on the floor. What fell on the floor?     X.            This word means rom somebody. Who did you borrow the money from?  XI.            I’m worried about something. What are you worried about? 49.3. Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions. a)      (when/was/built/his’s house) when was his house built? b)      (How/cheese/is/made) how is cheese made? c)      (when/invented/the computer/was) When was the computer invented? d)     (why/Sue/working/isn’t/today) Why isn’t Sue working today? e)      (what time/coming/your friend/are) what time are you friends coming? f)       (why/was/cancelled/the concert) why was the concert cancelled? g)     (where/your mother/was/born) where was your mother born? h)      (why/you/ to the party/ didn’t/come) why didn’t you come to the party? i)        (how/the accident/did/happen) how did the accident happen? j)        (why/this machine/doesn’t/work) Why doesn’t this machine work? 49.4 Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised. 1.      A: we won’t see Liz this evening. B: Why not? ( she/not/come/to the party?) Isn’t she coming to the party? 2.      A: I hope we don’t meet David tonight. B: Why? ( you/not/like/him?) Don’t you like him? 3.      A: Don’t go and see that film. B: Why not? ( it/not(good?) isn’t it good? 4.      A: I’ll have to borrow some money. B: why? ( you/not have/ any?) Haven’t you any? LESSON 5: question tags and reply questions 38a.Complete the questions. Use questions tags. 0        Put that cat down, will you? 1        I’m too thin to wear that dress, am not I? 2        We haven`t finished yet, have we? 3        Let’s have some lunch, shall we? 4        You won`t leave, will you? 5        Jane left a message, didn’t she? 6        Everyone is here now, aren’t they? 7        You don’t eat meat, do you? 8        Something fell on the floor, doesn’t it? 38b. Complete the conversations. Use reply questions. 9)      A: I left my ring by the sink                                  B: Did you? 10)  A: there won´t be any problems.                           B: Won’t there? 11)  A: you said you’d ring me.                                    B: Did I? 12)  A: I couldn’t get anyone to help me                      B: Couldn’t you? 13)  A: he isn’t sure how to do this.                              B: Isn’t he? 14)  A: she plays the guitar.                                          B: Does she? 15)  A: they`ve left their front door open.                     B: Have they? 16)  A: there aren’t any messages for you.                    B: Aren’t there? 17)  A: I can speak several languages.                           B:  Can you?

38c. Complete the conversations. Use one or two words in each gap. A: put the screwdriver down over there, (o) will you? B: Sure, No problem. You’ve done this before, (1) haven’t you? A: Of course. I put up all the shelves in my last house. B: (2) Did you? But someone helped you, (3) didn’t they? A:Let’t see the new Bond film this evening, (4) shall we? B: Great idea! I’ve seen every Bond film They’ve ever made. A: (5) have You? A: You haven’t got a pencil I could borrow. (6) have you? B: I think so, here you are. Now have a look at page five, (7) will you? A: Thanks. I see what you mean. That calculation can’t be right, (8) can it? 63a. Complete the gaps with a tag question or echo tag. A: it’s been a wonderful day, hasn’t it? B: Yes, fantastic. And we’ve had no problems with anything, haven’t we? A: that’s right. It’ll certainly be a lovely day to remember, won’t it? A: I had a letter from Luis yesterday. B: Oh, did you? A: yes, he says he’s coming to stay this weekend. B: Really? That’ll be nice, won’t it? A: I don’t know what to do today. Just look at the rain outside. B: well, I don’t want to stay in all day. Let’s go and see a film, shall we? A: why not? Good idea. There’s nothing much on at the local cinema though, isn’t there? B: all right. We’ll take the train into town then, won’t we? A: Eve and Tony are coming round for dinner tonight. B: Are they? OH, that’ll be nice. A: yes. I thought you might like to come too. B: Well yes, but you haven’t seen them for a long time. I expect you’d like to talk to them on your own, wouldn’t you? A: how did you get in here? B: I came in through the back door. A: Nobody saw you coming in “didn’t they? B: No, I don’t think so. A: you shouldn’t come and see me like this. It’s dangerous. Please don’t come here again, will you? A: That’s a beautiful table, isn’t it? B: yes, it is, it is? A: it would be lovely in our kitchen, wouldn’t it? Why don’t we get it? B: don’t be ridiculous. Look at the price. We can’t afford it, can we? A: you couldn’t hold this door open for me, could you? I can’t get the pram through it. B: Of course. It’s terrible how they design these doors, isn’t it? It makes it so difficult for people for people in wheelchairs or with young children. A: Yes, it does, do you? 63b. In your notebook, rewrite the conversation adding tag questions where appropriate. Tracy and Dominic used to be girlfriend and boyfriend. They meet again at a party. D: Hello. Nice to see you here. It’s great party. Hello, Nice to see you here. It’s a great party, isn’t it? T: Yes, it’s really good. There are so many people here that I haven’t seen for ages. There are so many people here that I haven’t seen for ages, are there? D: Yes, there are a lot of our old school crowed here. Have you spoken to many of them? Yes, there are a lot of our old school crowed here. Have you spoken to many of them? T: Yes, quite a few. I bumped into Adrian a few minutes ago and we had a brief chat. Well, no, he chatted and listened. Yes, quite a few. I bumped into Adrian a few minutes ago and we had a brief chat. Well, no, he chatted and listened D: Yes, he’s still the same. He just loves talking about himself and he doesn’t seem to be interested in what anyone else has to say. Yes, he’s still the same. He just loves talking about himself and he doesn’t seem to be interested in what anyone else has to say. T: That’s right. Oh look, that’s Melanie over there. Oh look, that’s Melanie over there, isn’t Melanie? D: Yes, you’re right, it is, who’s that she with? Yes, you’re right, it is, who’s that she with? T: it’s Matthew. It’s Matthew. D: but I expect you’ve got a new boyfriend now. But I expect you’ve got a new boyfriend now. T: not now. I did for a while after you went away but not now. Not now. I did for a while after you went away but not now. D: It was hard saying goodbye. I was going to write to you but I bought it wouldn’t help. It was hard saying goodbye. I was going to write to you but I bought it wouldn’t help, would you? T: No, maybe not. Well, anyway, we’re here together now. Why don’t we just enjoy ourselves? No, maybe not. Well, anyway, we’re here together now. Why don’t we just enjoy ourselves? D: good idea. Let’s dance. Good idea. Let’s dance, shall we? T: yes, I’d like to. But not now. The music’s terrible. Yes, I’d like to. But not now. The music’s terrible, isn’t it? D: well, it’s no good for dancing, that’s for sure. We’ll go and ask them if we can change it. Well, it’s no good for dancing, that’s for sure. We’ll go and ask them if we can change it, won`t we? T: Ok. Well, you go and put on one of our favourites. Ok. Well, you go and put on one of our favourites, will you? D: yes, I will. And will you be waiting for me when I get back? Yes, I will. And will you be waiting for me when I get back? T: Yes, of course I will. Yes, of course I will.

CHECK 2: lessons 1 to 5

56. In your notebook, write the following text changing clauses to participle phrases where possible.

Vincent Van Gogh, who was born in Holland in 1853, is one of the world’s most famous painters. Although his talent was unrecognized throughout his life, it was much appreciated after his death.

After he had failed in every career he had attempted, Van Gogh first turned to art to express his strong, religious feelings. After he had decided to become a painter, in about 1880, he started to paint studies of peasants and miners. During the next few years, which are known as his “Dutch period”, he produced painting with rather dark greenish- brown colours.

In 1886, when went to Paris to visit his brother Theo, he was immediately attracted to the impressionist work he saw there. He decided to stay in Paris and continued his painting there. He was encouraged by Pissaro to use more colour in his pictures and his subsequent painting were bright and immediately colourful.

After Van Gogh had mover to Arles in the south of France, in 1888, he worked frantically. This frenzied activity, which was interrupted by bouts of deep depression and despair, produced the majority of his most famous paintings. One of these, which is called “self-portrait with Banged Ear”, shows Van Gogh: he was wearing a bandage after he had cut off his own ear. A later, in 1890, he committed suicide.

A lot is known about Van Gogh’s life and his feelings because of the hundreds of letters which were written by him to this brother Theo and others. Because his brother believed in Van Gogh’s genius, he always encourages him in his work. He was the person closest to Van Gogh.

Born in Holland in 1853, Vincent Van Gogh is one of the world’s most famous painters. Although his talent was unrecognized throughout his life, it was much appreciated after his death.

After having failed in every career he had attempted, Van Gogh first turned to art to express his strong, religious feelings. After having decided to become a painter, in about 1880, he started to paint studies of peasants and miners. During years known as his “Dutch period”, he produced painting with rather dark greenish- brown colours.

In 1886, going to Paris to visit his brother Theo, he was immediately attracted to the impressionist work he saw there. He decided to stay in Paris and continued his painting there. He was encouraged by Pissaro to use more colour in his pictures and his subsequent painting were bright and immediately colourful.

After having moved to Arles in the south of France, in 1888, he worked frantically. This frenzied activity, interrupted by bouts of deep depression and despair, produced the majority of his most famous paintings. One of these called “self-portrait with Banged Ear” shows Van Gogh: he was wearing a bandage after he had cut off his own ear. A later, in 1890, he committed suicide.

A lot is known about Van Gogh’s life and his feelings because of the hundreds of letters written by him to this brother Theo and others. Because his brother believed in Van Gogh’s genius, he always encourages him in his work. He was the person closest to Van Gogh.

57 Rewrite the sentences below, using a present participle or a perfect or a perfect participle. Where there are two sentences, join them to form one, using a participle.

1-      He wore himself out. He hiked all day.

Hiking all day, he wore himself out.

2-      After we heard the news, we came over as quickly as possible.

After having heard the news, we came over as quickly as possible.

3-      She had worked hard all day. She wanted to go out for dinner.

Having worked hard all day she wanted to go out for diner.

4-      Soon after he moved up north, he regretted his decision.

Soon after having moved up north he regretted his decision.

5-      While I sympathize with your point of view, I cannot totally agree with you.

While sympathized with your point of view I can’t totally agree with you.

Unit 3.

LESSON 1: There is, was, are, were.

1.      Rewrite these sentences using there only if the answer is likely. Consider why some answers are not likely (A)

1)      Dark clouds were overhead. There were dark clouds overhead

2)      Peter is here to see you because it is a proper noun.

3)      Nothing was on her desk but a calculator. There was only a calculator on her desk.

4)      A big orange sign was on the window. There was a big orange sing on the window.

5)      My daughter is still at school.  A definite noun.

6)      Something was odd about his voice. There was something odd about his voice.

7)      Is any information on the label about the ingredients? Is there any information on the label about the ingredients?

8)      No traffic lights were on this stretch of the rood. There weren’t traffic lights on this stretch of the road.

9)      The blue umbrella belongs to Mike. There is a blue umbrella that belongs to Mike.

10)  Is this seat free? (is there any seat free?) not like because this/any don’t mean the same.

2.      The sentences are this exercise is all take from written English. Which is correct or more likely in the space –is or are? (B)

1)      There is a district risk that violence on television leads people to act violently.

2)      There is a choice of over 30 main courses on the menu.

3)      There is a necklace, two rigs, and a bracelet missing from her Jewellery box.

4)      There are only a few turtles now left on the island.

5)      There is very little chance of the decision being reserved

6)      There are few houses, a shop and a church in the village.

3.      Match the sentences helves, join them with an appropriate relative pronoun (that, which, or who). Write the relative pronoun in brackets if it can be left out. (C and unit 70)

1)      There were three people in the room.

a)      Have never seen a television.

2)      There was a narrow bridge.

b)      The finance minister is going to resign

3)      There are still people in the world.

c)      Connected the two halves of the village.

4)      There aren’t many Beatles songs.

d)     I would like to get for the children,

5)      There have been rumours

e)      Was wearing only a pair of shorts.

6)      There aren’t many workers.

f)       Would welcome an increase in income tax.

7)      There are a lot of toys in the shop

g)      I-had-never- seen-before.

8)      There was a man at the barbecue.

h)      He can’t play on the piano.

(1-g) There were three people in the room (who or that) I had never seen before.

(2-c) There was a narrow bridge, which connected the two halves of the village.

(3-a) There are still people in the world that have never seen a television.

(4-h) There aren’t many Beatles songs (that) he can’t play on the piano.

(5-b) There have been rumours that the finance minister is going to resign.

(6-f) There aren’t many workers, who would welcome an increase in income tax.

(7-d) There are a lot of toys in the shop (which) I would like to get for the children.

(8-e) There was a man to the barbecue who was wearing only a pair of shorts.

4.      Write new sentences with similar meanings beginning there being____ (D)

1)      He offered to resign because there was no alternative. There being no alternative, he offered to resign.

2)      There was only train a week to Mount Isa, so I decided to fly. There being only one train a week to Mount Isa, I decided to fly.

3)      We moved on to the next agenda item when there were no objections to the proposal. There being no objections to the proposal, we moved on to the text agenda item.

4)      As there was no demand for their products the company was forced to close. There being no demand for their products, the company was forced to close.

LESSON 2: It (part 1)

1.      Rewrite these sentences beginning it… rewrite them only if the it… sentences would be appropriated in written English; otherwise write X and consider why they would be inappropriate ( A and B)

1)      To drive a car without a licence is illegal

It is illegal to drive a car without a licence.

2)      That she wasn’t hurt in the fall was a miracle.

It was a miracle that she wasn’t hurt in the full.

3)      Their decisions were a serious setback. X

4)      Where the lights were coming from was far from clear.

It was far from clear where the light was coming.

5)      The announcement is to be made this evening. X

6)      That you already know my secret is obvious.

It is obvious that you already know my secret

7)      If the two countries don’t reach an agreement soon will be surprising.

I will be surprising if the two countries don’t reach an agreement soon.

8)      The parcel I was expecting has arrived X

2.      Match the sentences and write ones beginning with it…that.., as in 1A number of alternative answers are possible ©

1)      The president will be re-elected

a)      This transpired during the trial.

2)      Beckman had a wrist injury for most of the match

b)      This follows from the results of the survey.

3)      This was to be the band’s last world tour.

c)      This-appears-likely.

4)      Jacobs possessed three handguns

d)     This seemed to be the case.

5)      People are happy with the quality of super marked food.

e)      This emerged after the concert.

(1+c) It appears likely that the President will be re-elected.

(2+ d) It sees med to be the case that the Beckman had a wrist injury for most of the match.

(3+e)  It was emerged after the concert that was to be the band’s last world tour.

(4+ a) It transpired during the trial that Jacobs possessed three handguns.

(5+ b) It follows from the results of the survey that people are happy with the quality of super marked food.

3.      Expend one of the sets of notes to continue these newspaper extracts. Use sentence with it, a present passive verb form, and a to –infinitive, that-, or wh-clause.

Believe/men escaped trough/ broken window

Plan/hold/competition again next year/.

Not yet understand/accident happened.

Hope/the work/ completed by next month

Expect / around 100,000 people attend the rally.

Not know/ the robbery was not reported earlier.

1)      Major repair work is continuing on the Channel Tunnel. It is hoped that the work will be completed by next month

2)     The organisers have hailed the first world skateboarding champions as a great success. It is planned to hold the competition again next year.

3)      Police have confirmed that the painting was taken last week. It is not know why the robbery wasn’t reported earlier.

4)      An anti-fox hunting protest will be held in London Today. It is expected that around 100,000 people will attend the rally.

5)      More than 20 inmates escaped from Leyton top security jail last night. It is believed that men escaped though broken  window

6)      Two light aircraft collided on the run way at only airport yesterday. It is not understood yet how that accident happened

LESSON 3: Focusing it-Clauses and that-clauses.

1.      Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Start with it +be and appropriated wh-word or that ©

1)      I’m not looking forward to physics, but I’m most worried about the statistics exam.

I’m not looking forward to physics, but it is the statistics exam (that/which) I’m most worried about.

2)      She’s been seeing a doctor at Newton Hospital, but she’s having the operation in the Queen Mary Hospital.

She’s been seeing a doctor at Newton Hospital, but it’s in the Queen Maty Hospital where she’s having the operation.

3)      They said they dropped in when they were passing, but I think they came to visit us because they wanted to watch TV.

They said they dropped in when they were passing, but I think it was because they wanted to watch TV that they come to visit us.

4)      He says he’s got a cold, but in fact he’s feeling unwell because he’s working so hard.

He says he’s got a cold, but in fact it’s because he’s working so hard that he’s feeling unwell.

2.      Give responses beginning no, what…, correcting what was said in the questions, the first one is done for you. Use the notes in brackets to help (3)

1)      “Did you say that you wanted me to move these boxes?” ( wanted you/ fill boxes/ these books)

“No, what I said was that I wanted you fill the boxes with these books”.

2)      “Did you mean that you will give me the money?” ( lend/ money until next week)

“No, what I mean was that I would lend you the money until next week.”

3)      “Did you think that I would take Mark to piano practise? ( going / his own)

“No, what I thought was that Mark was going on his own.”

3.      Now give similar responses which focus on the action, as in 4.

4)      “Did you go next door and complain about the noise?” ( call/ police)

“No, that I did was (to) call the police”

5)      “Did you buy a new washing machine? “ ( repair /old one)

No, what did was to repair the old one.

6)      “Did you write a letter to the company?” ( Phone/ meaning director directly)

No, what I did saw to phone the managing director directly

7)      “Did you stay with Keith for the new year?” (invite him / my house instead).

No, what I did was to invite him to my house instead

8)      “When do you think you were happiest?” ( university)

“I suppose the place (where/that) I was happiest was at university.

9)      Bromley is where Nick lives, isn’t it? “ (Broomfield)

“No, not exactly the place where Nick lives is Broomfield.

10)  “You enjoy gardening, don’t you?” ( we wanted a bigger garden- we moved house)

“Yes, in fact we moved to a house where we had a bigger garden

11)  “ I’m looking for a photographer for our wedding” ( David Diskin-takes excellent photographs)

“If you ask me the photographer who takes excellent photographs is David Diskin.

CHECK 3:  lessons 1 to 3

1.      Are these sentences right or wrong? Change it to there where necessary.

û  They  live on a busy road, it must be a lot noise

There must be a lot of noise.

ü  Last winter it was very cold and it was a lot of snow.

ü  It used to be s church here, but it was knocked down.

û  Why was she so unfriendly? It must have been a reason.

û  It’s a long way from my house to the nearest shop

There is a long way from my house to the nearest shape.

û  A: where can we park the car?

B: Don’t worry. It’s sure to be a car park somewhere.

 It’s sure there is a car park somewhere.

ü  After the lecture it will be an opportunity to ask questions.

ü  I likely the place where I live, but I would be nicer to live by the sea.

û  I was told that it would be somebody to meet me at the station, but it wasn’t anybody. There

ü  The situation is still the same. It has been no change.

ü  I don’t know who’ll win, but it’s sure to be a good game. 

2.      Correct the mistakes.

1)      Suddenly, it was a loud bang from outside. It= there

2)      There has been many problems with the new bridge. Has = have.

3)      Difficult to know is why she left her job.

Its’s difficult to know why she left her job.

4)      It was accepted to send a letter of complaint

It accepted to send a letter of complaint.

5)      I find it difficult to understand how she could have got lost.

6)      I view it’s unacceptable that students should be late for my classes.

7)      It was because of his head ache why he didn’t come to the party. Why = that

He didn’t come to the party because of this headache.

Unit 4.

LESSON 1: Verb + -ing form or infinitive?

41a. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

0.      The architect expects to complete the building in April ( complete)

1.      I really didn’t mean to offend you. ( offend)

2.      Zac gave up smoking several years ago ( smoke)

3.      We managed to avoid having an accident ( have)

4.      Have you finished writing you essay yet? ( write)

5.      I choose to learn German rather than French ( learn)

6.      Young children enjoy helping round the house ( help)

7.      Geraldine is hoping to study law at Cambridge ( study)

8.      My new job will mean to travel all over the world ( travel)

9.      Dimitri and Ursula have postponed to get married for a few months ( get)

10.  Magnus refuse to accept any money for the work he’d done ( accept)

42b. Circle the correct answer.

 

LESSON 2: Verb + object + -ing form or infinitive?

42a. Circle the correct answer.

42b. Join the sentences, use the –ing or to –infinitive.

0.      Several cars collided on the motorway. Poor weather conditions caused this.

Poor weather conditions caused several cars to collide on the motorway.

1.      Motorists should avoid that section of the motorway police are advising this.

Police are advising motorists to avoid that section of the motorway.

2.      In juried people are getting to hospital. Rescue services are helping them.

Rescue services helped injured people to get to hospital

3.      People might panic. Police are anxious to stop this.

Police are anxious to stop people panicking.

4.      People can call a special number for more information. Police are encouraging this.

Police are encouraging people to call a information.

5.      Motorists should not approach the scene of the accident. Police are preventing this.

Police are preventing motorist to approach the scene of the accident.

42c. Complete the extract from a story. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than one form is possible.

She invited me (0) to sit (sit) down and then she excused herself from the room. I heard her (1) make (make) the tea in the kitchen and listening as she set out the cups and saucers. The room has begun (2) to feel (feel) a little odd and I regretted (3) taking (take) off my jacket. I noticed the fire ( 4) beginning ( begin) to die dawn in the grate, watched the second hand ( 5) moving ( move) slowly round the clock face and wondered how long it would be before she would allow me ( 6) to leave ( leave).

A few minutes later I heard the tea trolley (7) rolling (roll) on its wheels though the kitchen and then into the sitting room, where I was waiting. I started (8) to drink (drink) the tea, she had poured for me and she let me (9) continue (continue) in silence. I left her (10) watching (watch) me and looked up quickly, hoping to catch her (11) staring (stare) at me, but she was looking instead at the cup of tea in my hand. Nervously, I sipped some more. It tasted slightly of bitten almonds but I carried on (12) drinking (drink) it to be polite. A frost I finished the unpleasant brew and set my cup down in the saucer.

“Would you like me (13) to pour (pour) you another cup?” she asked.

“No thank you”, I said, reaching untidily for my briefcase. “I must be going if I except (14) to be (be) home in tome for dinner.

LESSON 3: other uses of infinitive.

43a. Complete the conversation use the correct form of the verbs in the box.

Agree - be (x2) – go – keep – leave – look – love – spend – stay – travel – understand – work.

A: Aren’t you ready (0) to go yet?

B: I’m sorry (1) to keep you waiting. I’ll be ready in fifteen minutes.

A: All right, but please hurry. It’s not polite (2) to be late for dinner and we have a long way (3) to travel.

A: You hate your job. Why don’t leave?

B: Look, it’s not hard (4) to understand why I stay here. My ambition is (5) to be sales manager and I’ve made a decision (6) to work here for another year because it’ll be good for my career.

A: I think we should find somewhere (7) to spend the night, it’s getting late.

B: It’s expensive (8) to stay in a hotel. Where do you suggest?

A: I don’t know, but I bought a guide book for us (9) to look at. Why don’t we see if there’s nice bed and breakfast nearby?

A: Did you leave the door open?

B: I don’t think so. Hazel was the last person (10) leaving the house -it must have been her that left it open.

A: I’m lonely. I need someone (11) to leave.

B: have you considered getting yourself a puppy?

A: I must have been crazy (12) to agree to this

B: Don’t worry. Everything will be all right- you’ll see.

43b. Join the sentences use the to-infinitive.

0.      We’re going to do our best we’re ready

We’re ready to do our best.

1.      He’s going to move to Italy next year, he’s keen

He’s keen to move to Italy next year.

2.      Don’t interrupt people all the time. It’s rude.

It’s rude to interrupt people all the time.

3.      She’s staring up her own business, that’s her intention.

Her intention is to start up her own business.

4.      I want to take part in the Olympic Games one day. That’s my ambition.

It’s my ambition to take part in the Olympics Games one day.

5.      He bought a DVD. He’ll watch in this evening.

He bought a DVD to watch this evening.

6.      I disagree with him. I was the only person.

I was the only person to disagree with him.

43c. Complete the e-mail. Use the correct form of the words in the box.

Aim/ save  // Complicate/work out  // easy/work // great/have // important/ get // place/stay // someone /replace // sure/be // time/apply // welcome/share // wonderful /hear

New message.

Hi Tasha. Thanks for your letter. It was (0) wonderful to hear from you. Sorry I haven’t been in touch for a while – the new job is keeping me busy, I bought it would be (1) easy working as a hotel receptionist but the job is more demanding than I except some of the bills are quite (2) complicated to work out and of course it’s (3) important for me to get them right. Having said that, it’s (4) great to have a job. My (5) aim is to save $ 500 by the end of the holidays that will go a long way towards paying y my tuitions fees next year. Where are you plans? Why don’t you come here to work? It’s a good (6) time to apply for work in the restaurant. One of the waitresses left last week and they’re looking for (7) someone to replace her. Don’t worry about finding a (n) (8) place to stay –you’re (9) welcome to share my flat with me. They keep you busy here but there’s (19) sue to be tome for us to enjoy ourselves too. Think about it. Erica.

43d. Re- writes the sentences. Use the to-infinitive.

0.      Nobody left the party before him.

He was the first person to leave the party.

1.      I received your letter and I was delighted

I was delighted to receive your letter.

2.      Heating this house is very expensive.

It’s very expensive to heat this house.

3.      Having interests outside work is important

It’s important to have interests outside work.

4.      That child learn very quickly

That child is quick to learn

5.      How do you think I should cook this fish?

What is the best way to cook this fish?

6.      There was nobody who saw him after we did

We were the last people to see him.

LESSON 4: other uses of –ing forms.

44a. Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of the verb in the box.

Argue – be – do – eat – feel – find – get – give – measure – shop – sit – ski - work

A: What are you doing during the holidays?

B: We’re going skiing in the French Alps-if there’s enough snow, that is.

A: What’s wrong?

B: It’s awful to work here. I can’t stand sitting at a desk all day in an office_ I’m used to being outdoors.

A: what’s that?

B: It’s an instrument for measuring the amount of moisture in the air.

A: I can’t help finding there’s been a mistake.

B: Yes, I agree with you.

A: I’m afraid to eat isn’t allowed in the library

B: I’m a sorry; I’ll have my sandwich outside.

A: It’s a waste of time giving her advice – she won’t listen to you.

B: Perhaps, but I have to try.

A: Are we lost?

B: No really, but I’m having trouble getting the address.

A: You look sad. What’s wrong?

B: I miss being with my family. I’ve have been away from home before.

A: I’m sorry we can’t agree but it’s no use agreeing

B: You’re right. There’s no point in feeling angry with one another just because we have different points of view.

A: were on earth are Arthur and Olivia?

B: they’re in town. I think they’ve gone shopping for same curtain material.

A: I phoned you last night but you weren’t at home

B: I’m sorry. I was busy doing some research at the library and I must have left my mobile switched of.

44b. Complete the e-mail. Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

Hi Niguel! Just to say I’ve moved into my new university accommodation. I (0) spent a few days packing (spend/ a few days/ pack) everything into boxes but I paid someone to move the stuff. In the ends, I decided it (1) was worth to pay (be/ worth/ pay) professionals to do the job- I’ve got a lot of expensive electronic equipment and I (2) can’t face the thought of getting it (can’t face/ the thought of it/ get) damaged. Right now I (3) am busy taking (be/ busy/ take) everything out of boxes and putting in a way. They say that (4) moving (move) house is really stressful. And they’re right! Now I’m here, though, I think I’ll like my new place. Its right next to the fitness centre so I’m able to (5) go swimming (go/swim) everyday – they have an Olympic-size pool there. Unfortunately, some rights I have (6) trouble studding (trouble/study) because of the people next door. They’re so noisy! It’s probably (7) a waste of time asking (waste of time /ask) them to be quiet but I might go and speak to them. Anyway, it’s (8) always great to hear (be/always/ great/hear) from you so keep in touch. A list air.

CHECK 4: lessons 1 to 4

1.      Circle the correct answer. 

1.      Complete the conversation. Use one word in each gap.

A: What’s that?

B: it’s a jack (6) for lifting a car; I need to change a flat tyre.

A: Will you be long? I want to (7) go shopping and I’d prefer not (8) to walk

B: it’ll take me about half an hour but there’s no point (9) in waiting: I’ll be using the car this afternoon.

A: And I suppose it’s a (10) waste of time trying to convince you to (11) allow me to have a car instead.

B: I’m afraid so. I’ll give you a lift to the bus stop, though.

A: thank, but I can’t (12) face the thought of talking the bus today it’s too hot.

B: fine, so if you’re staying in, will you (13) help me change this tyre.

2.      Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1)       The weather is unlikely to improve in the next few day ( improve)

2)      Melanie us busy studding for her exams ( study)

3)      Ramon thought the saw someone following him ( follow)

4)      Our plan is to turn the house into a luxury hotel (tur)

5)      We had no trouble finding your address –you directions were perfectly clear ( find)

6)      It’s impossible to give an exact measurement but we can give an estimate ( give)

7)      Dirk has no job and nowhere to live ( live)

Circle the correct answer.

Unit 5.

LESSON 1:  Adverbs, adverbial phrases and position of adverbs.

1.      Write the sentences with the adverbs/ adverbial phrases in brackets in the correct position. If the adverbs can go in more than one position, put them in the more usual one.

1)      I’ve been working ( in my office/all morning/hard)

I’ve been working hard in my office all morning.

2)      He speaks to me ( in the mornings/never/ nicely)

He never speaks nicely to me in the mornings.

3)      We were listening ( all evening/ carefully)

We were listening carefully all evening.

4)      She’s been sleeping ( in that chair/ all afternoon/ soundly)

She’s been sleeping soundly in that chair all afternoon.

5)      He is ( at this time of day / usually / al the college)

He is usually at the collage at this time of day.

6)      The postman comes ( in the morning/ very early)

The postman comes very early in the morning.

7)      I thought you spoke ( in that meeting/ very well/ yesterday)

I bought you spoke very well in that meeting yesterday.

8)      We go swimming ( on Saturdays/ generally/ at the local pool)

We generally so swimming at the local pool on Saturdays.

9)      I bought these jeans ( in the sales/ very cheaply/ last week)

I bought these jeans very cheaply in the sales last week.

10)  He’s been (to a dentist / never/ in his life).

He’s never been to a dentist in his life. 

2.      Complete the story using the following adverbs and adverbial phrases.

For three hours – so much – already – a few times – for months – lowing – deeply – just – anxiously – suddenly – soon – only – straight way – hardly – absolutely – impatiently – in a friendly way.

She wanted (1) impatiently in the parture lounge. She had (2) already been there (3) for three hours.

She didn’t get on the plane (4) soon; she might her changing mind about going. She had been planning this trip to Berlin (5) for months, well, since use had left England. She had missed him (6) so much and she could (7) hardly wait to see him again. But did he love her as (8) deeply as she loved him? She wasn’t (9) absolutely sure, she had written him every day but he had (10) only written to her (11) a few times. Would he taken her (12) lovingly into his arms as soon as she arrived? Or would he just agree her (13) in a friendly way? Oh! How she hated this waiting. (14) Suddenly, she heard a message on the Tannoy: “would Ms Pamela Roberts please go to the desk in the departure lounge (15) straightaway? A message has (16) just arrived for her”. Pamela walked (17) anxiously towards the desk. What could the message be?

LESSON 2:  Adverbs of degree.

1.      Circle the correct answer.

 

2.      Circle the correct answer, there may be more than one correct answer.

3.      Complete the conversation. Use quite or rather, something both are possible.

A: we’re rather /quite amazed at how quickly he’s recovered from the illness.

B: I know. It’s rather surprising but such a relief!

A: You look quite/rather exhausted, how do you feel?

B: I’ve just had a rest but I’m still rather/quite tired.

A: I think sue behaved quite appallingly this evening. Don’t you?

B: well, you’re over- reacting a little but she did behave rather badly.

A: the lead singer performed quite splendidly this evening

B: she did perform quite/ rather well given that her reviews haven’t been very positive.

A: Sula understand English quite well but she finds it difficult to speak.

B: True, but she dis rather better than I expected on her test.

A: I think Hong Kong is rather an amazing city.

B: Yes and it’s quite/rather fascinating too.

LESSON 3: Sentence adverbs. 

4.      Re-write the sentences; put the adverbs in brackets in the correct position.

0.      I’m not sure where she is but she’s still at work ( probably)

I’m not sure where is but she’s probably still at work.

1.      The disease was caused by lead poisoning ( possibly)

The disease was possibly caused by lead poisoning.

2.      I didn’t expect this to happen (certainly).

I certainly didn’t expect this to happen.

3.      She knew the money was surely stolen ( surely)

She knew surely the money was stolen.

4.      He’s very attracted to you ( obviously)

He’s obviously attracted to you.

5.      There are no easy answer to the problem ( clearly)

Clearly there is no easy answer to the problem.

2.      Circle the correct answer. 

 LESSON 4: Adjective or adverb?

1.      Circle the correct answer.

2.      Complete the sentences. Use adverbs or adverbial phrases.

0.      Amelia gave a confident presentation. She presented her ideas confidently.

1.      Given gave me a sincere apology. He apologised sincerely.

2.      The children are noisy. They’re playing noisily.

3.      This building makes economic use of space. It uses space economically.

4.      Adrian’s behaviour was sensible. He is behaved sensibly.

5.      The match will be shown on national television. It will be shown nationally.

6.      I know I was foolish. I don’t know why I behaved so foolishly.

7.      My teacher has a friendly smile. She smiles friendly.

8.      Michael is a fast driver. He drives fast.

3.      Complete the conversation. Use quite or rather, something both are possible.

Free (x2)    -      hard (x2)    -     high (x2)    -     late (x2)    -    wide.

A: I can hardly believe it. I’ve passed my driving test!

B: why are you surprised? You worked hard and you deserved to pass it.

A: How much are the tickets?

B: They’re five pounds for adults but children can travel free.

A: Where have you been? I haven’t seen you around lately.

B: Didn’t tell you? We’ve been on holiday. We stayed at a fabulous hotel high in the mountains.

A: Let’s go outside so that we can talk freely.

B: Why? Are you afraid of beginning overhead?

A: Do be careful. That solvent is highly flammable so you must keep it away from open flames.

B: Don’t worry; I’ll put it outside in the garden shed.

A: Open your mouth wildly; please the tooth that’s bothering you is right at the back.

B: I know. Will this take long? I don’t want to be late getting back to work.

4.      Complete the article. Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

THE LEAST SUCCESFUL TOURIST.

In 1977 Mr Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco flew to Italy to visit some cousins. The plane stopped (0) briefly (brief) in New York at Mr Scotti (1) mistakenly (mistaken) believe he has arrived at Rome Airport. He got out of the plane but of course, his cousins were not there to agree him. Mr Scotti (2) eventually (eventual) decided to try to find his own way to their address. On the journey he noticed than English was spoken (3) widely (wide). “You can’t escape from Americans”, though Mr Scotti, a little (4) sad (sad). “ They’re everywhere” Mr Scotti did not speak much English himself so he (5) politely (polite) asked a policeman, in Italian, the way to the bus station (6) luckily (lucky), the policeman was from Naples and replied in the same language. After travelling around on buses of twelve hours, Mr Scotti was taken by a kind bus driver to a second policeman, who spoke to Mr Scotti in English. The policeman tried (7) hard (hard) to explain but Mr Scotti (8) stubbornly (stubborn) refused to believed he was in New York. In the end, they took him to the airport in a police car, they didn’t have much time so they had to drive very (g) fast (fast). “You see”, said Mr Scotti (19) confidently (confident), “I know that I’m in Italy, this is the way that Italians drive”.

CHECK 5:  lesson 1 to 4

Unit 6.